The author offers several keys to interpret the philosophy of G. Marcel and to internalize it in creative manner. Such keys are: “the different modes of reality”, and “the aesthetic experiences of declamation of a poem and interpretation of a musical work”. They enable us to clarify marcelian themes such as “the ontological demand”, “the union of participation”, “the relation of presence”, “the second reflection”….

Values demonstrate a type of reality that corresponds, according to the author, to levels 2 and 3. In order to attain to these, it is not enough to mobilize one’s intelligence, rather, we must adjust our mood to respond to their appeal. Values are illuminated to us in the course of “reversible” or two-way experiences, and especially in the case of personal encounters. Concretely, this can be seen clearly when examining how we access different values. This analysis leads to the (...) identification of a criterion that can allow us to discern when something is valuable. (shrink)

O autor, num primeiro momento, examina com profundidade à eficácia pedagógica da obra de arte seja no campo da música, da arquitetura, da pintura ou da escultura; num segundo momento, passa a estabelecer as condições para que uma obra de arte seja fecunda no campo pedagógico.

San Manuel Bueno, mártir no tiene carácter "trágico" o "nadista": significa una ventana abierta a la esperanza de que el "agonismo" unamuniano puede ser superado si se entiende la fe no como una mera adhesión intelectual a ciertos dogmas sino como la voluntad de inmergirse en una comunidad creyente y fundar modos elevados de unidad. Angela es la "portadora de la buena nueva" de que, si se vive como se creyera, acaba uno obteniendo la fe, como indicó Unamuno en el (...) Diario íntimo. Angela es la voz del Unamuno que vivió la conmoción religiosa de 1897. Don Manuel, tal como es visto por el pueblo, representa al Unamuno triunfador. Blasillo el Bobo refleja el modo como Don Manuel -y, por tanto, Unamuno- se ve a sí mismo en el aspecto religioso. (shrink)

Este trabajo ha sido seleccionado de entre los participantes en la VI Olimpiada de Filosofía que organiza FICUM en la modalidad de secundaria y bachillerato, para promocionar la filosofía entre los jóvenes.

Con el repunte de la literatura nacional durante la República Restaurada, Justo Sierra adoptó la pauta romántica y liberal que propugnaba Altamirano en órganos de difusión como El Renacimiento. Luego, con la llegada de Porfirio Díaz al poder, la literatura de Sierra se orientó al positivismo. En este artículo se estudia cómo se produjo el cambio del Sierra "romántico" al Sierra "positivista".

Artistic images, of a universal nature and validated by global culture, are carriers of an emotional potential that can be used for therapeutic purposes in cultural centers as well as in clinical spaces. Esthetic studies reveal the mobilizing power in their contemplation and the capacity to bring out personal stories with healing potential. The general objective of this paper is to design and validate the PROJECTA instrument, consisting of the therapeutic use of artistic images to approach trauma or difficult conditions (...) in therapy, by means of the association between art images and emotions, feelings or states of mind related with a traumatic experience. A mixed approach of investigation with a concurrent triangulation design has been used for the integration of qualitative and quantitative results, where qualitative research outweighs quantitative, but both have been QUAL → quan sequentially developed. The study was carried out in two phases. The first was a systematic review of the literature. The second, divided into five steps, consisted of the validation of artworks and the associated emotions with the participation of students, experts in art therapy, psychologists and educators through focus groups, interviews and an online questionnaire. The analysis techniques were qualitative and quantitative. A set of 220 artistic images linked to emotional states were proposed by experts in education, psychology and art therapy, and validated through an online questionnaire. The respondents included 228 students and professionals and for 64.55% of these images a consensus of over 80% was obtained. These images and their associated emotions were again reviewed by a confirmatory focus group. Finally, 92 artistic works were linked to primary, secondary and tertiary emotions such as love, joy, victory, surprise, balance, sense of humor, anger, sadness, fear, and emptiness. In addition, there are mobilizing images that have not been related to any emotion because of the polysemy of their meanings. It concludes that PROJECTA is a visual art therapy tool that provides professionals with a resource that helps facilitate the identification, expression or demonstration of emotions or feelings related with trauma, and in challenging situations of vulnerability, psychological discomfort or post-traumatic stress. (shrink)

Background: Waiving parent permission can be an option in some epidemiological and social research with adolescents. However, exemptions have not been uniformly considered or applied. Our aim is to critically assess the different factors that could be taken into account when making decisions about waiving active parental permission in observational research with adolescents.DiscussionIn some cases alternatives to parental permission could be applied to protect the rights of both adolescents and parents and also to assure the benefits to adolescents as a (...) group that can come from appropriately conducted studies. However, the criteria of ensuring minimal risk can be difficult to define and apply and a distinction between harm and discomfort is reviewed. Waiving active parental permission could be acceptable when the risk of harm is minimal; when the research questions are related to an activity for which adolescents are not legally considered to be children; when the risk of harm or discomfort may increase if parental permission is required; and when risk of discomfort is low because the questionnaire is not potentially offensive for some adolescents and/or for some parents.SummaryStringent rules concerning parental permission in some studies could be detrimental to adolescents. A framework and a decision tree guide are proposed to help researchers and Research Ethics Committees in their decisions on whether active parental permission must be obtained. (shrink)